the atomic magnetic moment comes from the orbital moment and angular moment.
why there are so few solids magnetic?
when atoms come together and bond to form a solid, they share electrons in ways that eliminate the spin and orbital imbalance required for magnetism.
the transition metals and the rare earths and actinides have unbalanced electron populations in an inner shell, exhibiting magnetic moments
Quantitatively, the anisotropy energy is the energy required to rotate the magnetic moment away from its preferred direction.
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